- 12/09/2023
- Posted by: Thamizharasu Gopalsamy
- Category: Manufacturing

Introduction
In today’s fast-paced world, the phenomenon of mass production is more than just an industrial milestone; it’s the engine that powers modern commerce. From consumer goods to machinery, mass production has democratized access, lowered costs, and accelerated innovation. But as we forge ahead into a new decade, what challenges and opportunities lie in the path of this industrial juggernaut? This comprehensive blog explores the multifaceted landscape of mass production, its past, present, and what the future may hold.
Mass Production explainer video
1. The Evolution of Mass Production: From Fordism to Modern Factories
Introduction
The concept of mass production has undergone several evolutionary phases since its inception. The term is most famously associated with Henry Ford and the automotive industry, where the Fordist model became a benchmark for mass production methods. This article aims to explore the journey from the rudimentary Fordist methods to the high-tech, automated systems of today’s factories.
The Fordist Era
Named after Henry Ford, Fordism was an industrial revolution in itself, built on the principles of mass production and the division of labor. The assembly line was its cornerstone, allowing products to be moved from station to station for different assembly tasks. This dramatically reduced the time and cost to produce automobiles, making them affordable for the average consumer for the first time.
Postwar Boom and Diversification
The end of World War II marked a boom in consumer goods and increased competition. This led to a divergence from the strict Fordist model as companies looked to diversify their product lines. With advancements in technology, it was possible to maintain economies of scale while offering greater product customization.
Rise of Automation
With the advent of computers and robotics, automation took mass production to a new level. Robots began taking over repetitive tasks, reducing the margin of human error and further lowering production costs. Automation also allowed for more consistent quality and faster production cycles.
Just in Time Manufacturing
Originating in Japan, the JustinTime (JIT) methodology revolutionized inventory management in mass production. By producing goods precisely when they are needed, factories could reduce inventory costs and respond more quickly to market demand.
Lean Manufacturing
Influenced by JIT, Lean Manufacturing aimed to eliminate waste in all forms, including overproduction, idle time, and defective products. This has led to more efficient and eco-friendly mass production processes.
Industry 4.0
The latest phase in the evolution of mass production is Industry 4.0, a term that describes the combination of cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), and cloud computing. These technologies allow for greater connectivity between machines, data, and humans, resulting in even more efficient production methods.
Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Practices
As mass production techniques evolve, they must also address growing concerns about sustainability and environmental impact. Manufacturers are now focusing on greener technologies and sustainable materials to meet these challenges.
Conclusion
From its humble beginnings in Ford’s automotive factories to the complex, interconnected systems of today, mass production has come a long way. As it continues to evolve, it remains to be seen how new technologies like AI, machine learning, and sustainable practices will shape its future.
2. Key Technologies Driving Mass Production in the 21st Century
Introduction
The 21st century has witnessed unparalleled technological advancements that have dramatically altered the landscape of mass production. From additive manufacturing techniques to real-time analytics, modern factories are increasingly leveraging cutting-edge technologies to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality. This article aims to provide an in-depth look at the key technologies that are reshaping mass production in our time.
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing
Once a niche technology, 3D printing has now found applications across various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and healthcare. Additive manufacturing allows for rapid prototyping, customization, and even full-scale production, offering a high degree of flexibility and reducing material waste.
Robotics and Automation
Robots have come a long way since their introduction into factories. Today’s robotic systems are incredibly advanced and capable of complex tasks such as welding, sorting, and packing. Coupled with machine learning algorithms, they continually adapt and improve, increasing efficiency and reducing human error.
Internet of Things (IoT)
IoT devices are instrumental in gathering real-time data on production processes, machine performance, and product quality. This data is crucial for predictive maintenance, operational efficiencies, and continuous improvement, making IoT a cornerstone technology in modern mass production.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning
AI and machine learning algorithms analyze the vast amounts of data gathered through IoT devices and other sensors. This allows for real-time decision-making, process optimization, and even automated quality control, revolutionizing the way mass production systems operate.
RealTime Analytics and Big Data
Big data analytics offer insights into consumer behavior, market trends, and operational efficiencies. By analyzing this data, businesses can make informed decisions quickly, aligning their production schedules with market demands more accurately.
Supply Chain Integration
Technologies like blockchain and advanced ERP systems offer more transparent, efficient, and secure supply chain operations. Integrated supply chains are vital for just-in-time manufacturing and lean operations, significantly affecting a company’s bottom line.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)
VR and AR technologies are increasingly being used for training purposes, virtual prototyping, and even remote maintenance. These technologies reduce the need for physical prototypes and enable real-time collaboration, thereby streamlining the production process.
Energy Efficient Technologies
With growing environmental concerns, there is an increasing focus on adopting energy-efficient technologies. These range from optimized HVAC systems to energy-efficient machinery designed to reduce a factory’s carbon footprint.
Cybersecurity Measures
As factories become more connected, the need for robust cybersecurity measures increases. Technologies like advanced firewalls, encrypted communication, and secure cloud storage are essential for protecting sensitive data and ensuring uninterrupted production.
Conclusion
The 21st century has ushered in a new era of technological advancements that are profoundly impacting mass production. These technologies not only enhance operational efficiency but also pave the way for more sustainable and secure manufacturing environments.
3. The Economics of Mass Production: How Scale Impacts Cost
Introduction
Mass production has often been heralded as a cost-effective method of manufacturing goods. But what are the economics behind it? How does scaling up production affect the costs involved? This article delves into the intricacies of the economic principles that govern mass production and explains how economies of scale work in this context.
Economies of Scale Explained
At the heart of mass production’s economic advantages is the principle of economies of scale. As production volume increases, the cost per unit of the product decreases, primarily because fixed costs like machinery, rent, and salaried employees are spread over a larger number of units.
Variable Costs and How They Scale
In contrast to fixed costs, variable costs such as raw materials, utilities, and hourly labor scale linearly with production. However, bulk purchasing and optimized resource allocation can lead to a reduction in average variable costs as well.
Breaking Down Fixed Costs
High fixed costs are often a barrier to entry for smaller manufacturers. This includes not only machinery and factory space but also software systems and initial R&D investments. Yet, the more units you produce, the lower the fixed cost per unit becomes, creating a competitive advantage for large manufacturers.
The Role of Technology in Reducing Costs
Technological advancements have had a considerable impact on reducing both fixed and variable costs. Automation, for example, minimizes labor costs and increases efficiency. Software solutions can manage inventories in real-time, reducing warehousing costs and preventing overproduction.
Marginal Cost and Optimal Production
Understanding the marginal cost — the cost of producing one additional unit — is crucial for determining the optimal level of production. Economies of scale generally result in a declining marginal cost up to a certain point, beyond which diseconomies of scale may set in.
Diseconomies of Scale
It’s essential to note that scaling up production doesn’t always lead to cost reduction. Diseconomies of scale can occur when a company grows too large, leading to inefficiencies like increased bureaucracy, higher maintenance costs, and lower employee morale.
Price Strategies in Mass Production
Companies often use different pricing strategies depending on their production scale. Options include penetration pricing to gain market share, cost-plus pricing to ensure a steady profit margin, and dynamic pricing based on real-time market conditions.
The Impact of Globalization
Globalization has enabled companies to tap into cheaper resources and labor markets, often moving parts of the production process overseas. While this can reduce costs, it also introduces complexities like currency fluctuations, geopolitical risks, and supply chain vulnerabilities.
Sustainability and LongTerm Viability
With growing awareness of environmental concerns, sustainable practices are increasingly viewed as an essential part of the long-term economic viability of mass production. Investing in green technologies can offer both cost savings and a competitive edge in the market.
Conclusion
The economics of mass production is a complex interplay of fixed and variable costs, scaling benefits, and market dynamics. While the principle of economies of scale underpins much of the cost advantages, companies must also navigate potential pitfalls like diseconomies of scale and sustainability challenges.
4. Mass Production vs Customization: Finding the Middle Ground
Introduction
In today’s competitive market, manufacturers often face a dichotomy between mass production and customization. While mass production offers the allure of economies of scale, customization promises higher customer satisfaction and brand loyalty. Striking a balance between these two extremes is crucial for long-term success. This article will explore how businesses can find that elusive middle ground.
The Case for Mass Production
Mass production is built on the principle of economies of scale. By producing goods in large quantities, companies can reduce the per-unit cost, thereby gaining a competitive edge in pricing. This approach is particularly effective for standardized products that have a broad market appeal.
The Customization Advantage
Customization, on the other hand, caters to the unique preferences of individual customers. This often leads to higher customer satisfaction, better brand loyalty, and the potential for higher margins. Customized products can serve niche markets that mass-produced items might not effectively reach.
The Challenges of Customization
While customization has its merits, it also comes with challenges such as increased production time, higher costs for specialized labor and materials, and complexities in inventory management. Failure to address these issues can negate the benefits of customization.
The Rise of Mass Customization
A term that has gained traction over the past few years is mass customization, which aims to combine the best of both worlds. Businesses employing this strategy offer a standardized base product with customizable features. This allows for economies of scale while still catering to individual consumer preferences.
Technology as an Enabler
Modern technologies such as 3D printing, computer-aided design (CAD), and digital inventory management systems have made mass customization more feasible. These technologies allow for flexible production lines that can switch between different product configurations with minimal downtime.
Customer Engagement and CoCreation
One of the keys to successful customization lies in involving customers in the creation process. Online configurators, for example, allow customers to choose features, colors, and add-ons, thereby increasing engagement and perceived value.
Cost Benefit Analysis
Finding the middle ground requires a thorough cost-benefit analysis. Businesses must evaluate whether the increased customer satisfaction and potential for higher margins from customization justify the added operational complexities and costs.
Agility in Production and Supply Chain
A balanced approach also demands agility in both production processes and the supply chain. Companies must be prepared to pivot between mass production and customization based on real-time demand and market trends.
Sustainability Considerations
Both mass production and customization have environmental impacts, such as material waste and energy usage. Sustainable practices should be integrated into whichever strategy is chosen to mitigate these effects.
Conclusion
Finding the middle ground between mass production and customization is no small feat. However, with the aid of modern technology and a flexible approach to manufacturing and supply chain management, businesses can aim to offer the best of both worlds. This balance not only meets varied customer needs but also sustains long-term profitability and growth.
5. Sustainability Concerns in Mass Production: Environmental Implications and Solutions
Introduction
Mass production has been a cornerstone of modern economies, delivering products efficiently and affordably. However, the environmental toll of this efficiency is becoming increasingly evident. From waste generation to carbon emissions, mass production has substantial ecological implications. This article seeks to identify these concerns and suggest sustainable solutions.
The Environmental Toll of Mass Production
Resource Depletion: The high volume of raw materials needed can deplete natural resources.
Waste Generation: Inefficient use of materials and energy often results in significant waste, including defective products and byproducts.
Energy Consumption: Large-scale manufacturing consumes massive amounts of energy, much of which is sourced from fossil fuels.
Emissions: Factories emit greenhouse gases and other pollutants, contributing to climate change and air pollution.
The Circular Economy Model
Adopting a circular economy model can help alleviate some of the environmental burdens. This model emphasizes the importance of recycling, reusing, and refurbishing products and materials, thus extending their lifecycle and reducing waste.
Green Technologies
Innovative green technologies such as renewable energy sources, waste-to-energy systems, and water recycling can considerably lessen the environmental impact of mass production.
Sustainable Materials
Choosing sustainable or recycled materials for production can also make a significant difference. Bioplastics, recycled metals, and sustainably sourced wood are examples of more responsible choices.
Lean and Green Manufacturing
Combining the principles of lean manufacturing with environmentally sustainable practices can result in optimized production processes that reduce both waste and costs.
Regulations and Certifications
Environmental regulations often set the minimum requirements for sustainability. On top of compliance, certifications like ISO 14001 can help businesses set and achieve more ambitious sustainability goals.
Consumer Demand for Sustainability
Today’s consumers are increasingly environmentally conscious, often willing to pay a premium for sustainable products. This consumer demand can drive companies to adopt greener production methods.
Supply Chain Sustainability
Sustainability efforts should extend beyond the factory floor to encompass the entire supply chain. Vetting suppliers for sustainability practices and choosing green logistics options can have a ripple effect.
Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
Conducting a life cycle analysis of products can give manufacturers a comprehensive understanding of their environmental impact, from raw material extraction to end-of-life disposal.
Case Studies
Several companies have successfully integrated sustainability into their mass production operations. These case studies can provide valuable insights and serve as inspiration for others.
Conclusion
While mass production inherently poses sustainability challenges, these can be mitigated through innovative practices and technologies. Businesses that invest in sustainable solutions not only stand to reduce their environmental impact but also to gain a competitive edge in a market increasingly driven by consumer demand for eco-friendly products.
6. Quality Control in Mass Production: Best Practices and Innovations
Introduction
In mass production, the sheer volume of products can make quality control a formidable challenge. However, ensuring consistent quality is crucial for customer satisfaction and brand reputation. This article explores the best practices and innovations that are setting new standards in quality control within mass production environments.
The Importance of Quality Control
Consistency is key in mass production. Quality control ensures that customers receive a product that meets predetermined standards, which is essential for maintaining trust and competitive advantage.
Traditional Quality Control Methods
Visual Inspections: The oldest and simplest form of quality control, usually carried out by human operators.
Random Sampling: A statistically significant number of products are chosen at random for inspection.
Batch Testing: Groups or batches of products are tested collectively for efficiency.
Technological Innovations in Quality Control
Machine Vision: Cameras and AI algorithms identify and flag defects in real time.
IoT Sensors: Internet of Things sensors monitor variables like temperature, pressure, and speed to ensure they remain within desired parameters.
Automated Metrology: Precision measurement tools ensure that components meet strict dimensional and material criteria.
Lean Six Sigma and Quality
The Lean Six Sigma methodology combines lean manufacturing principles with Six Sigma’s focus on quality. The approach uses data-driven techniques to eliminate defects and reduce variability in processes.
Quality Control Software
Software solutions can help manage quality control processes more effectively, offering real-time data analytics, trend analysis, and traceability features.
The Role of Big Data and Analytics
With the advent of big data, companies can perform more comprehensive analytics to identify quality issues before they escalate, pinpointing the root causes of defects and helping to prevent them in future production cycles.
HumaFactorsor and Training
While technology plays a critical role, human expertise and judgment remain vital. Ongoing training programs can ensure that employees are updated on the latest quality control techniques and technologies.
Certifications and Compliance
Many industries have specific quality standards that manufacturers must adhere to. ISO 9001 is one of the most common certifications, focused on quality management systems.
Cost of Quality
Quality control is an investment. The cost of quality includes not just the cost of inspection but also the cost of internal and external failures—like recalls or warranty claims. Investing in quality control can ultimately save a company money in the long run.
Conclusion
Quality control in mass production has evolved significantly with technological advancements. By adopting best practices and investing in new technologies and training, manufacturers can achieve a high level of quality without sacrificing efficiency or cost-effectiveness.
7. Human Resource Management in Mass Production Environments
Introduction
Human Resource Management (HRM) plays a pivotal role in the success of mass production facilities. While machinery and technology are essential, it’s the workforce that drives productivity and quality. This article explores how HRM practices can be tailored to meet the unique challenges and opportunities presented by mass production environments.
The Significance of HRM in Mass Production
In mass production, workers often engage in repetitive, specialized tasks. This environment poses unique challenges for HRM, including employee engagement, skill development, and health and safety.
Recruitment Strategies
Skill-based hiring: Due to the specialized nature of tasks skill-based hiring is often more important than generic qualifications.
Cultural Fit: Given the team-oriented nature of production lines, cultural fit is crucial for maintaining a cohesive, productive environment.
Training and Development
OntheJob Training: Many skills are best learned on the production floor, making on-the-job training invaluable.
Continuous Learning: Technology is ever-evolving; continuous training programs can keep the workforce up to date.
Employee Retention
Competitive Compensation: Offering competitive wages and benefits is key to retaining skilled labor.
Career Progression: Clear pathways for advancement can motivate employees to stay long-term.
Safety and Compliance
Training: Safety training programs should be rigorous and ongoing.
Monitoring and Auditing: Regular safety audits and real-time monitoring can help prevent accidents and ensure compliance with regulations.
Ergonomics and Employee Wellbeing
Proper ergonomics can significantly reduce the physical strain on workers, increasing both efficiency and job satisfaction. Employee well-being programs can further improve morale and productivity.
Labor Relations
Union relationships can be a significant factor in mass production environments. Transparent communication and cooperative strategies can foster a positive labor relations climate.
Technological Integration
Human Resources Management Systems (HRMS) and other technology solutions can streamline various HR functions, from payroll and benefits administration to performance reviews and analytics.
Diversity and Inclusion
Diverse and inclusive work environments have been shown to improve innovation and job satisfaction, both of which are critical in mass production settings.
The Role of Leadership
Effective leadership is crucial for motivating employees and fostering a culture of continuous improvement. Leadership training programs can equip supervisors and managers with the skills needed to succeed.
Conclusion
Human Resource Management in mass production is about much more than staffing the assembly line. It involves strategic planning, continuous training, a focus on safety, and fostering a positive work environment. By prioritizing these elements, companies can ensure a more engaged, skilled, and satisfied workforce, which in turn leads to higher productivity and quality.
8. Global Trends: How Mass Production is Shaping Worldwide Commerce
Introduction
Mass production is not just a manufacturing approach; it’s a global phenomenon that shapes economies, influences consumer behavior, and impacts international trade. This article delves into the worldwide trends propelled by mass production and how they are shaping global commerce.
The Democratization of Goods
Access to Products: Mass production has made consumer goods more accessible to people worldwide, leveling the economic playing field to some extent.
Emerging Markets: Affordable products have enabled new markets to emerge, especially in developing countries.
Global Supply Chains
Interconnected Economies: Mass production often involves global supply chains that link multiple countries in the production process.
Vulnerabilities: While this interconnectedness fosters global trade, it also introduces vulnerabilities, such as disruptions due to political instability or natural disasters.
eCommerce and Mass Production
Global Reach: eCommerce platforms have exponentially increased the reach of products, many of which are mass-produced.
Inventory Management: The prevalence of eCommerce has necessitated advancements in inventory management to handle the global distribution of goods.
Automation and Robotics
Standardization: Automation technologies are increasingly standardizing production processes, making it easier to control quality across global operations.
Labor Implications: While automation increases efficiency, it also raises concerns about job displacement, especially in countries with labor-intensive industries.
Sustainability and Ethics
Consumer Awareness: As mass production goes global, there’s increasing consumer demand for ethical and sustainable practices.
Global Standards: International regulations and certifications are becoming more common to ensure sustainable and ethical mass production.
Shifts in Global Manufacturing Hubs
Asia’s Dominance: Countries like China and India have become manufacturing powerhouses, thanks to mass production.
Nearshoring Trends: However, rising labor costs and geopolitical tensions are causing some companies to reconsider the geographic distribution of their production facilities.
Trade Policies and Tariffs
Global Impact: Trade policies can significantly impact mass production, affecting import and export duties and thereby altering the economics of mass production.
Intellectual Property Concerns
Replication vs. Innovation: Mass production makes it easier to replicate products, which can lead to intellectual property disputes, especially across borders.
Digital Transformation
DataDriven: Big data and analytics are increasingly guiding mass production, from supply chain optimization to consumer behavior prediction.
Customization: Technologies like AI and machine learning enable more personalized mass production, catering to global consumer demands without sacrificing efficiency.
Conclusion
Mass production has become a cornerstone of global commerce, affecting almost every aspect of our daily lives. As technology evolves and economies become more interconnected, the influence of mass production will likely continue to grow, presenting both challenges and opportunities on a global scale.
9. The Role of Automation and Robotics in Mass Production
Introduction
As industries strive to increase efficiency, reduce costs, and improve product quality, automation and robotics have emerged as crucial technologies. This article aims to provide a comprehensive look at how automation and robotics are revolutionizing mass production.
Historical Context
Early Automation: From simple machines to the assembly line, automation has long played a role in manufacturing.
The Robotics Revolution: How the advent of robotics has changed the game entirely, offering new levels of precision and efficiency.
Types of Automation in Mass Production
Fixed or Hard Automation: Includes specialized equipment for specific tasks.
Programmable Automation: Suitable for batch production.
Flexible or Soft Automation: Designed for environments where products are frequently changed.
Types of Robotics Used
Cartesian Robots: Used for simple pick and place actions.
Articulated Robots: Offer greater flexibility and are used for tasks like welding and painting.
Cobots (Collaborative Robots): Designed to work alongside humans, often used in smaller production environments.
Advantages of Automation and Robotics
Efficiency: Automated systems can operate around the clock, drastically improving efficiency.
Precision: Robots can achieve levels of precision that are difficult for human workers.
Safety: Dangerous tasks can be automated, reducing the risk of workplace injuries.
Cost Implications
Initial Investment: While the upfront costs can be high, they are often offset by long-term benefits.
Operational Costs: Reduced labor costs, less waste, and increased efficiency can make automation financially advantageous in the long run.
Social and Ethical Considerations
Job Displacement: One of the most contentious issues surrounding automation is the potential for job loss.
Upskilling: As routine tasks become automated, there’s an increasing need for workers to upskill.
Challenges and Limitations
Complexity: Automated systems can be incredibly complex to set up and manage.
Maintenance: Robots and automated systems require regular maintenance, which can be costly and time-consuming.
The Future: AI and Machine Learning
Adaptive Systems: Advanced AI algorithms enable machines to learn from experience, making the production process even more efficient.
DataDriven Decisions: AI can analyze vast amounts of data to optimize every aspect of the production process.
Case Studies
Real-world examples of companies that have successfully integrated automation and robotics into their mass production lines, show the tangible benefits achieved.
Conclusion
Automation and robotics are no longer optional extras but essential components of modern mass production. They offer unprecedented advantages but also come with their own set of challenges and ethical considerations. The key to successful implementation lies in striking the right balance between technology and human expertise.
10. Future of Mass Production: Challenges and Opportunities
Introduction
The landscape of mass production is undergoing rapid transformation, fueled by technological advancements, sustainability concerns, and shifting global economies. This article explores what the future holds in terms of challenges and opportunities for mass production.
The Digital Transformation
Smart Factories: The Internet of Things (IoT) and data analytics are driving the evolution of traditional factories into smart, connected environments.
Blockchain in Supply Chain: Ensuring transparency and traceability in a complex global supply chain.
Sustainable Manufacturing
Circular Economy: The move towards more sustainable, circular production models where waste is minimized.
Material Innovations: Biodegradable materials, sustainable sourcing, and other innovations to minimize environmental impact.
Labor and Skill Set Evolution
Automated Workforce: The shift toward automation will require a new set of skills, focused more on oversight, maintenance, and programming.
Global Talent Pool: As production systems become more automated, location becomes less critical, opening up a global talent pool.
Customization at Scale
Mass Customization: Advancements in technology are making it possible to offer customized products at scale, challenging the one-size-fits-all model.
Personalization Technologies: AI and machine learning algorithms that personalize the manufacturing process based on individual consumer data.
Emerging Markets
Globalization 2.0: The rise of new manufacturing hubs in Africa, South America, and Asia.
Local for Local: Creating localized manufacturing units to serve local markets more efficiently.
Ethical and Regulatory Challenges
Data Privacy: With the increase in data collection, ensuring privacy and security becomes more challenging.
Trade Wars and Tariffs: Geopolitical tensions and changing trade policies can impact the economics of mass production globally.
Quality Control and Assurance
AI in Quality Control: AI algorithms that can detect defects and issues in real time, improving quality and reducing waste.
Transparency in Quality: Technologies enabled-to-end visibility in quality assurance for consumers.
Financial Challenges
Investment vs ROI: The balance between the high initial investment in new technologies and the long-term ROI.
Economic Cycles: Preparing for economic downturns while taking advantage of booms.
Technology as Double-Edged Sword
Dependence on Tech: Overreliance on technology can lead to vulnerabilities, including cybersecurity risks.
Tech Unemployment: While automation and robotics are increasing efficiency, they are also raising concerns about job losses.
Conclusion: The future of mass production is a complex tapestry of challenges and opportunities. By embracing innovation and addressing these challenges head-on, the industry can not only survive but thrive in the coming decades.
Conclusion
The world of mass production is as challenging as it is exciting. With emerging technologies, globalization, and an increasing focus on sustainability, the landscape is everchanging. However, these challenges also offer unparalleled opportunities for innovation and growth. By embracing the future with open arms and a prepared mind, industries and economies can not only adapt but set new standards of excellence and efficiency. As we venture further into this decade, mass production will continue to be the cornerstone that shapes our commercial, economic, and even social landscapes.
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